Skip to main content

Shell

bash basics

default text editor

  • for inline shell call: sudo EDITOR=nano crontab -e

  • add to ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc:

    • export EDITOR=nano
  • for default root editor, edit also /root/.bashrc or /root/.zshrc

echo "export VISUAL=nano\nexport EDITOR=nano" >> ~/.bashrc
echo "export VISUAL=nano\nexport EDITOR=nano" >> ~/.zshrc

sudo sh -c "echo -e \"export VISUAL=nano\nexport EDITOR=nano\" >> ~/.bashrc"
sudo sh -c "echo -e \"export VISUAL=nano\nexport EDITOR=nano\" >> ~/.zshrc"

login message:

  • for local user edit: nano ~/.profile
  • for global: /etc/profile or /etc/bashrc (only for bash shell)

add for example:

#shell login message
echo -e "\n\n You are working on: \t\e[41m>>> subdomain.my-server.com <<<\e[49m\n\n"

custom shell prompt:

  • for local user edit: nano ~/.profile
  • for global: /etc/profile or /etc/bashrc (only for bash shell)

add for example:

#shell login message
alias PS1="\e[0;32m[\u@\h \w]\$ \e[0m"
  • \u - user
  • \h - host
  • \w - current path

[test@ubuntu1 ~]$ <- in green

PS3 for select prompt

https://www.thegeekstuff.com/2008/09/bash-shell-take-control-of-ps1-ps2-ps3-ps4-and-prompt_command/

Terminal colors

  • \e[0;32m

  • \e[ – Begin color changes

  • 0;32m – Specify the color code

  • [\u@\h \W]\$ – This is the code for your normal BASH prompt (username@hostname Workingdirectory $)

  • \e[0m – Exit color-change mode

The first number in the color code specifies the typeface:

  • 0 – Normal
  • 1 – Bold (bright)
  • 2 – Dim
  • 4 – Underlined

The second number indicates the color you want:

color background text
black \e[0;40m \e[0;30m
Red \e[0;41m \e[0;31m
Green \e[0;42m \e[0;32m
Brown \e[0;43m \e[0;33m
Blue \e[0;44m \e[0;34m
Purple \e[0;45m \e[0;35m
Cyan \e[0;46m \e[0;36m
Light gray \e[0;47m \e[0;37m

output redirection

  • 2>&1 redirect StdErr to StdOut
  • 2>&1 | redirect and Pipe, same as |& (not in sh)
          || visible in terminal ||   visible in file   || existing
  Syntax  ||  StdOut  |  StdErr  ||  StdOut  |  StdErr  ||   file   
==========++==========+==========++==========+==========++===========
    >     ||    no    |   yes    ||   yes    |    no    || overwrite
    >>    ||    no    |   yes    ||   yes    |    no    ||  append
          ||          |          ||          |          ||
   2>     ||   yes    |    no    ||    no    |   yes    || overwrite
   2>>    ||   yes    |    no    ||    no    |   yes    ||  append
          ||          |          ||          |          ||
   &>     ||    no    |    no    ||   yes    |   yes    || overwrite
   &>>    ||    no    |    no    ||   yes    |   yes    ||  append
          ||          |          ||          |          ||
 | tee    ||   yes    |   yes    ||   yes    |    no    || overwrite
 | tee -a ||   yes    |   yes    ||   yes    |    no    ||  append
          ||          |          ||          |          ||
|& tee    ||   yes    |   yes    ||   yes    |   yes    || overwrite
|& tee -a ||   yes    |   yes    ||   yes    |   yes    ||  append

zsh

installall zshin one script

    sudo 
  • ZSHapt (shellupdate with&& more features)
    • sudo apt install zshcurl or sudo dnf intallgit zsh (on Fedora)
  • Oh-My-ZSH
    • sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

Oh My Zsh Cheatsheet

install powerlevel 10k theme
  • install font for "powerlevel10k" https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k#meslo-nerd-font-patched-for-powerlevel10k
  • choose font Meslo Nerd in preferences of the terminal or editor
  • install "powerlevel10k"-theme for ohmyzsh https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
  • Set ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k" in ~/.zshrc.
    • sed -i '/ZSH_THEME="/c\ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"' ~/.zshrc
    ~/.zshrc
  • file
  • # Enable Powerlevel10k instant prompt. Should stay close to the top of ~/.zshrc.
    # Initialization code that may require console input (password prompts, [y/n]
    # confirmations, etc.) must go above this block; everything else may go below.
    if [[ -r "${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/p10k-instant-prompt-${(%):-%n}.zsh" ]]; then
      source "${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/p10k-instant-prompt-${(%):-%n}.zsh"
    fi
    
    # If you come from bash you might have to change your $PATH.
    # export PATH=$HOME/bin:$HOME/.local/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
    
    # Path to your Oh My Zsh installation.
    export ZSH="$HOME/.oh-my-zsh"
    
    # Set name of the theme to load --- if set to "random", it will
    # load a random theme each time Oh My Zsh is loaded, in which case,
    # to know which specific one was loaded, run: echo $RANDOM_THEME
    # See https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/wiki/Themes
    ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"
    
    # Set list of themes to pick from when loading at random
    # Setting this variable when ZSH_THEME=random will cause zsh to load
    # a theme from this variable instead of looking in $ZSH/themes/
    # If set to an empty array, this variable will have no effect.
    # ZSH_THEME_RANDOM_CANDIDATES=( "robbyrussell" "agnoster" )
    
    # Uncomment the following line to use case-sensitive completion.
    # CASE_SENSITIVE="true"
    
    # Uncomment the following line to use hyphen-insensitive completion.
    # Case-sensitive completion must be off. _ and - will be interchangeable.
    # HYPHEN_INSENSITIVE="true"
    
    # Uncomment one of the following lines to change the auto-update behavior
    # zstyle ':omz:update' mode disabled  # disable automatic updates
    # zstyle ':omz:update' mode auto      # update automatically without asking
    # zstyle ':omz:update' mode reminder  # just remind me to update when it's time
    
    # Uncomment the following line to change how often to auto-update (in days).
    # zstyle ':omz:update' frequency 13
    
    # Uncomment the following line if pasting URLs and other text is messed up.
    # DISABLE_MAGIC_FUNCTIONS="true"
    
    # Uncomment the following line to disable colors in ls.
    # DISABLE_LS_COLORS="true"
    
    # Uncomment the following line to disable auto-setting terminal title.
    # DISABLE_AUTO_TITLE="true"
    
    # Uncomment the following line to enable command auto-correction.
    # ENABLE_CORRECTION="true"
    
    # Uncomment the following line to display red dots whilst waiting for completion.
    # You can also set it to another string to have that shown instead of the default red dots.
    # e.g. COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="%F{yellow}waiting...%f"
    # Caution: this setting can cause issues with multiline prompts in zsh < 5.7.1 (see #5765)
    # COMPLETION_WAITING_DOTS="true"
    
    # Uncomment the following line if you want to disable marking untracked files
    # under VCS as dirty. This makes repository status check for large repositories
    # much, much faster.
    # DISABLE_UNTRACKED_FILES_DIRTY="true"
    
    # Uncomment the following line if you want to change the command execution time
    # stamp shown in the history command output.
    # You can set one of the optional three formats:
    # "mm/dd/yyyy"|"dd.mm.yyyy"|"yyyy-mm-dd"
    # or set a custom format using the strftime function format specifications,
    # see 'man strftime' for details.
    # HIST_STAMPS="mm/dd/yyyy"
    
    # Would you like to use another custom folder than $ZSH/custom?
    # ZSH_CUSTOM=/path/to/new-custom-folder
    
    # Which plugins would you like to load?
    # Standard plugins can be found in $ZSH/plugins/
    # Custom plugins may be added to $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/
    # Example format: plugins=(rails git textmate ruby lighthouse)
    # Add wisely, as too many plugins slow down shell startup.
    plugins=(git)
    
    source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh
    
    # User configuration
    
    # export MANPATH="/usr/local/man:$MANPATH"
    
    # You may need to manually set your language environment
    # export LANG=en_US.UTF-8
    
    # Preferred editor for local and remote sessions
    # if [[ -n $SSH_CONNECTION ]]; then
    #   export EDITOR='vim'
    # else
    #   export EDITOR='nvim'
    # fi
    
    # Compilation flags
    # export ARCHFLAGS="-arch $(uname -m)"
    
    # Set personal aliases, overriding those provided by Oh My Zsh libs,
    # plugins, and themes. Aliases can be placed here, though Oh My Zsh
    # users are encouraged to define aliases within a top-level file in
    # the $ZSH_CUSTOM folder, with .zsh extension. Examples:
    # - $ZSH_CUSTOM/aliases.zsh
    # - $ZSH_CUSTOM/macos.zsh
    # For a full list of active aliases, run `alias`.
    #
    # Example aliases
    # alias zshconfig="mate ~/.zshrc"
    # alias ohmyzsh="mate ~/.oh-my-zsh"
    
    # To customize prompt, run `p10k configure` or edit ~/.p10k.zsh.
    [[ ! -f ~/.p10k.zsh ]] || source ~/.p10k.zsh
    ```
    
    #### install zsh
    
    * ZSH (shell with more features)
      * `sudo apt install zsh` or `sudo dnf intall zsh` (on Fedora)
    * Oh-My-ZSH
      * `sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"`
    
    Oh My Zsh [Cheatsheet](https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/wiki/Cheatsheet)
    
    ##### install powerlevel 10k theme
    * install font for "powerlevel10k"
      [https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k#meslo-nerd-font-patched-for-powerlevel10k](https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k#meslo-nerd-font-patched-for-powerlevel10k)
    * **choose font `Meslo Nerd` in preferences of the terminal or editor**
    * install "powerlevel10k"-theme for ohmyzsh https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k
      `git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k`
    * Set `ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"` in `~/.zshrc`.
        * `sed -i '/ZSH_THEME="/c\ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"' ~/.zshrc`
    * Type `p10k configureconfigure` if the configuration wizard doesn't start automatically.
######
edit for visual studio code
    *
  • Press command`command` + shift`shift` + P`P` in your VSCode window.

  • *
  • type `settings.jsonjson` and click "Open User Settings (JSON)" it.

  • *
  • insert or add:

    ```json
      {
        "terminal.integrated.fontFamily": "MesloLGS NF",
        "terminal.integrated.fontSize": 12,
        "terminal.integrated.defaultProfile.linux": "zsh"
      }
      
    ```
  • ###

terminal emulator

#### terminator

    *
  • install: `sudo apt install terminator
  • terminator`
#####
documentation
    *
  • Create more terminals by:
      *
    • horizontal split: `Ctrl-Shift-o
    • o`
    • * vertical split: `Ctrl-Shift-e
    • e`
    *
  • Shift focus to:
      *
    • next terminal: `Ctrl-Shift-n
    • n`
    • * previous terminal: `Ctrl-Shift-p
    • p`
    *
  • New tab: `Ctrl-Shift-t
  • t`
  • * New window: `Ctrl-Shift-i
  • i`
  • * Close terminal or tab:
      *
    • `Ctrl-Shift-w
    • w`
    • * or right mouse click -> Close
    *
  • Close window with all it's terminals and tabs: `Ctrl-Shift-q
  • q`
  • * Reset zoom: `Ctrl-00`